REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM
Reverse osmosis (RO) is an advanced technology used in the treatment of industrial wastewater to remove contaminants, dissolved salts and other impurities. This process uses a semi-permeable membrane that allows pure water to pass through while retaining solutes and unwanted substances.
Main components:
1. Pretreatment: includes sand filters, active carbon filters and water softeners to remove suspended solids, chlorine and other substances that could damage the membranes.
2. High-pressure pump: provides the pressure needed to push the water through the semi-permeable membrane.
3. Reverse osmosis membranes: the heart of the system, where the contaminants are separated from the water.
4. Control and monitoring system: to regulate and monitor the operating parameters such as pressure, flow and water quality.
5. Post-treatment: this can include disinfection (for example with UV or ozone) and remineralisation to adapt the water to specific requirements.
Advantages:
Highly efficient at removing contaminants: it can remove up to 99% of dissolved salts, bacteria, viruses and other impurities.
Reduction of disposal costs: treated water can be reused, reducing the volume of wastewater to be disposed of.
Compliance with environmental regulations: helps companies comply with local and international emission regulations.
Applications:
Chemical and pharmaceutical industry: for the treatment of wastewater containing chemicals and drugs.
Food and beverage industry: to remove contaminants and reduce salt content.
Metallurgical industry: for the treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals.
Textile industry: for the treatment of waste water containing dyes and other chemical substances.
Challenges and considerations
Membrane maintenance: membranes can become clogged or damaged, requiring regular cleaning and periodic replacement.
Energy costs: the process requires energy to generate the necessary pressure, which can increase operating costs.
Manage concentrates: the process produces a concentrate flow containing the removed contaminants, which must be managed correctly.
Conclusions
The reverse osmosis plant represents an effective and versatile solution for treating industrial wastewater, helping to improve environmental sustainability and reduce the impact of industrial activities on water resources. However, it is essential to design and manage the plant correctly to maximise efficiency and minimise operating costs.